Journal of Contemporary Academic Research and Methodologies (JCARM)
The Journal of Contemporary Academic Research and Methodologies (JCARM) is a peer-reviewed, open-access international journal dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research and innovative methodologies across diverse academic disciplines. Published by Ivory & Finch Publishers, JCARM provides a platform for scholars to share contemporary insights that bridge theory and practice.
Articles in this journal are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License. This license allows others to share and adapt the work, provided the original work is properly cited. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication.
Practical Demonstration and Documentation of SelectedDecorative Techniques In Leatherwork for Teaching andLearning In Senior High Schools
The study sought to practically demonstrate and document the production processes involved in the execution of selected decorative techniques requisite for teaching and learning Leatherwork in Senior High Schools (SHS). It has been observed that due to inadequate teaching and learning resources such as demonstrational books, tools/equipment, both teachers and students find challenges in executing decorative techniques relevant in leather artifact production. Visits to some Senior High Schools ascertain that there is lack of confidence on the part of both instructors and leaners in delivering some commonly key techniques which facilitate practical pedagogies in the study of Leatherwork in most Visual Art Departments in Ghanaian schools, and this makes both students and teachers struggle in acquisition of some impartation knowledge and skills. This study therefore set out to take actions to avert the situation. Studio based research approaches were employed to practically demonstrate selected Leatherwork techniques relevant to guide students in practical studies. With pictorial support, the step-by-step procedures in executing each technique were documented as pedagogical resource. The study achieved its aim successfully, and concluded that to attain better desirable design patterns and aesthetic value, the execution of decorative techni ques should be performed on carefully selected leathers with surfaces devoid of defects and distortions. Therefore, full grain leathers with bright surfaces are recommended as best choice for rendering decorative techniques. Again, the researchers recommend and encourage both teachers and students to adopt the documented decorative techniques to support practical pedagogy in their Senior High Schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gideon Larbi, Kwabena, Asubonteng, Eric Appau Asante, Kwame Owusu Fordjour (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Determinants and Predictors of Fertility Awareness Among Women Attending Gynaecology and General Outpatient Clinics in Calabar, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Understanding reproductive physiology, the fertile window, and factors affecting conception, known as fertility awareness, is fundamental to promoting reproductive health. However, data from sub-Saharan Africa indicate that many women have poor fertility knowledge, which can negatively impact reproductive decisions and outcomes. This study sought to evaluate the extent of fertility awareness and determine its associated factors and predictors among women attending gynaecology and general outpatient clinics at a tertiary hospital in Calabar, Nigeria. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 300 women aged 18–49 years, selected via systematic random sampling. Information was gathered using a pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire that covered sociodemographic data, reproductive history, and fertility awareness across several domains. Analysis was done with SPSS v26.0 using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Respondents had a mean age of 31.4 ± 7.8 years. Overall, 50.7% (152/300) had good fertility awareness. Knowledge was greatest for menstrual cycle regularity (74.7%) and least for basal body temperature charting (32.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that tertiary education (OR = 4.62; 95% CI: 2.78–7.68; p < 0.001), prior family planning counselling (OR = 3.44; 95% CI: 2.08–5.70; p < 0.001), being a civil servant (OR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.76–5.04; p < 0.001), previous infertility assessment (OR = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.60–4.76; p < 0.001), and monthly income >₦100,000 (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.44–3.86; p = 0.001) were independent predictors of good fertility awareness. Conclusion: About half of women had adequate fertility awareness, with education, occupation, income, and exposure to reproductive health services as main predictors. There is an urgent need for targeted health education, especially for women with lower education and income, to enhance fertility awareness and improve reproductive health outcomes in Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ezukwa Ezukwa Omoronyia, Edu Eyong, Efiok Efiok, Sylvester Abeshi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CAPABILITIES AND SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE IN NIGERIA'S MANUFACTURING SECTOR: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANISATIONAL AGILITY
The increasing volatility of the business environment has heightened the importance of supply chain resilience, particularly within emerging economies such as Nigeria. This study examines the relationship between strategic management capabilities and supply chain resilience and investigates the mediating role of organisational agility among manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Anchored on Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the study adopts a quantitative cross-sectional survey design and collects data from managerial personnel in manufacturing firms. Data were analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).The findings reveal that strategic management capabilities significantly enhance organisational agility and supply chain resilience. Organisational agility was also found to have a significant positive effect on supply chain resilience and partially mediated the relationship between strategic management capabilities and resilience. These results suggest that firms with strong strategic planning, environmental scanning, and resource orchestration capabilities are better positioned to develop agile structures and resilient supply chains. The study contributes to the supply chain resilience and dynamic capabilities literature by providing empirical evidence from Nigeria's manufacturing sector and highlighting the strategic importance of organisational agility in translating managerial capabilities into resilience outcomes. The findings offer valuable implications for managers and policymakers seeking to strengthen the competitiveness and sustainability of manufacturing firms in turbulent business environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 OBOH, Christopher IKHIANOSIME, ALIU, FATIMA JAEL, ADAMU MOMOHRABIU, OBOH, JOSEPH OSIGBEMHE, ABDULLAH UMAR ZAINAB (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
RAINFALL VARIABILITY, LAND USE CHANGES AND URBAN GROWTH IN OSOGBO, NIGERIA: A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR CLIMATE RESILIENT URBAN PLANNING
Osogbo faces challenges from rainfall variability, rapid urbanization, and shifting land use. These pressures compromise the resilience of cities, infrastructure, and communities. Addressing them requires sophisticated urban planning that integrates rainfall variability and risk-mitigation strategies. Data were sourced from rainfall records by the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NiMet) and land-use classifications from Landsat and Sentinel satellites. Analyses employed GIS platforms and regression and correlation analyses. The study revealed that April and October have higher annual rainfall in Osogbo, with the maximum in 2010 with 1700mm and the lowest in 2001 with 1000mm. The land-use data from 1990 to 2025 shows significant ups and downs across all categories. Agriculture and total land area change a lot without a clear pattern. Bare land and built-up areas grew significantly at times, suggesting city growth or land damage. Forest and water areas increased in the late 1990s and early 2000s but have since mostly decreased, which could harm the environment The multiple regression analysis conducted in this study revealed shortcomings in both the data and model dependability. While the model explains a substantial proportion of variance (R Square = 0.75), the negative Adjusted R Square, non-significant F-statistic, and uniformly high p-values for all predictors indicate a lack of statistical significance and soundness. The presence of errors in certain variables and the very small sample size further undermine the credibility and acceptability of the findings.The decision-support system targets regional vulnerabilities to land-use change and rainfall variability, aiming to guide policy and planning for greater urban climate resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 ADEWOYE,Olugbenga Adewale, ADEGOKE NURUDEEN OYEWALE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Police Training in Cyber Fraud Investigation in Kenya: A Case Study of Nairobi City County
This study assessed how police training influences the technical competence of officers in the Directorate of Criminal Investigations handling cyber fraud cases in Nairobi City County. It also examined challenges that limit the effectiveness of such training and reviewed measures used to strengthen cyber fraud investigation capacity. The study used a descriptive research design and a mixed-methods approach. The target population was 200 DCI officers serving in Nairobi City County, drawn from the Financial and Banking Fraud Investigations Unit, Cybercrime Unit, and Crime Research and Intelligence Bureau. Stratified random sampling was used to select 60 officers. Fifty-four officers returned usable questionnaires, giving a 90% response rate. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively using SPSS version 26, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings showed that 85.2% of respondents agreed that the quality of police training affects the competence of DCI officers in cyber fraud investigations. Technical competence also influenced investigation effectiveness, with 55.6% reporting a great effect and 33.3% reporting a moderate effect. In addition, 88.9% agreed that technical and knowledge-related challenges hinder effective cyber fraud investigations. There was strong support for advanced cyber analytic tools in training, with 81.5% agreeing that more emphasis should be placed on such tools. However, support for monitoring suspect behaviour online was lower, at 55.5%, while 35.2% disagreed, pointing to legal, ethical, practical, or capacity-related concerns. The study adds evidence from Nairobi City County on the relationship between police training, technical competence, and cyber fraud investigation performance. It shows that training is important, but its value depends on practical exposure, access to current investigative tools, digital forensic support, and clear procedures for online monitoring and digital surveillance. By focusing on DCI officers working in financial fraud, cybercrime, and intelligence-related units, the study gives context-specific insight into capacity gaps in cybercrime policing in Kenya. In practice, the study recommends targeted curriculum reform, continuous professional development, decentralization of digital forensic services, increased funding for cyber-investigation infrastructure, and clearer operational guidelines for online monitoring. These measures would improve the quality, speed, and reliability of cyber-fraud investigations. In theory, the study reinforces the view that specialized training and technical competence are central to effective cybercrime investigation. It also shows that police training models must keep pace with technological change, emerging forms of cyber fraud, and the legal and ethical demands of digital investigations.
Copyright (c) 2026 MELKIZEDEK ALUKO OJIJO, Mark Okowa (PhD), Robert Amilla Oketch (PhD) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Dark Psychology of Bank Fraud: A Psychopathology Perspective
Bank fraud remains a pervasive issue in financial institutions, with perpetrators often displaying distinct psychological traits and cognitive distortions that enable deceptive practices. This review paper examines the dark psychology of bank fraud, focusing on the psychopathological characteristics of fraud perpetrators. Using a psychopathological perspective, the study explores personality disorders, cognitive biases, and emotional detachment as core factors influencing fraudulent behaviour. The paper also investigates how organizational culture, workplace dynamics, and systemic loopholes contribute to financial fraud. A qualitative research approach is employed, utilizing secondary data sources such as peer-reviewed journals, books, financial crime reports, forensic psychology studies, and regulatory documents from institutions. Thematic content analysis is used to identify recurring psychological and organizational patterns associated with bank fraud. Findings reveal that many fraud perpetrators exhibit antisocial tendencies, impulsivity, and a lack of moral restraint, allowing them to manipulate financial systems. Additionally, toxic workplace cultures, weak ethical climates, and inadequate internal controls create enabling environments for fraud to thrive. The study emphasizes the need for financial institutions to implement stricter ethical oversight, psychological risk assessments, and fraud detection mechanisms to mitigate fraudulent activities. Keywords: Bank fraud, dark psychology, psychopathology, financial crime, forensic psychology
Copyright (c) 2026 Akeem A. Kenku (Ph.D), Jerry James Doka, Yunana Ulea Salihu (Ph.D) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Industrial Relations Management Practices and Academic Staff Performance in Public Tertiary Institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria
Abstract This study examined the effect of industrial relations management practices on the performance of academic staff in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study specifically investigated the influence of participatory management practices on task performance, employee disengagement practices on operational performance, and collective bargaining on adaptive performance. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised academic staff in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State, while a sample size of 200 respondents was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (regression analysis). The findings revealed that participatory management practices have a significant positive effect on task performance, employee disengagement practices have a significant negative effect on operational performance, and collective bargaining has a significant positive effect on adaptive performance. The study concludes that effective industrial relations management practices are critical for improving academic staff performance and ensuring institutional effectiveness. The study recommends that tertiary institutions should promote participatory decision-making, address employee disengagement through improved welfare and motivation, and strengthen collective bargaining mechanisms to enhance industrial harmony and staff performance. Keywords: Industrial Relations, Participatory Management, Employee Disengagement, Collective Bargaining, Academic Staff Performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chinwendu Adaobi Ezeike, Emeka Stephen Arinze (PhD) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Brand Authenticity Perspective: Strategic Approaches for Building Loyalty
This article examines the loyalty derived from the use of a brand by customers spanning from the continuous use and utilization of authentic brands on account of the associated value derived from a brand use. The willingness to purchase or recommend a brand is a function continuity, credibility, integrity and symbolism backed by cognitive, affective, conative and behavioral loyalty dimensions. The study concludes that brand authenticity possesses significant direct effect on brand loyalty. Summarily, the need for a brand to stand out from competition, such brand should be capable of offering more reliable promises and stay loyal to them
Copyright (c) 2026 Tyoban David Aondoaseer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Public Participation in Road Infrastructure Provision in Abeokuta, Nigeria
Road infrastructure is a key determinant of urban mobility, communication, economic performance and spatial organisation in any nation. Its provision statutorily as government’s responsibility has been challenged by economic recession, multiple responsibilities and technical breaches. To this end, the public have had to intervene in providing couple of interventions to meeting their needs. This study therefore, seeks to evaluate public participation in road infrastructure provision in Abeokuta, Nigeria with a view to suggest strategies to improve the economy and spatial organisation of the city. Information was elicited from 375 systematically selected stakeholders (CDA members, traditional leaders, government officials and key informants) who had direct involvement across road project phases. Observed data were subjected to descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages and cross-tabulations, while Spearman Rank Correlation analysis was used to examine relationships among the study variables. Findings reveal that majority of the stakeholders were youths (47.2%). Others were older men (23.5%), women (22.1%) and government officials (0.8%) who are engaged in planning and design (66.1%), construction activities (65.3%), site selection (63.2%), needs identification (62.7%) and monitoring and evaluation (45.3%). The contribution of the stakeholders in road provision has been through finances (levies and fund raising) (34.9%), voluntary labour (skilled and unskilled) (25.1%), decision-making (20.0%), procurement of materials (14.9%) and oversight functions (5.1%). Major factors hindering the participation of public in road projects are financial constraints (77.6%), lack of trust in governance (72.8%) and political interference (67.5%). Benefits associated with public participation in road provision include: community acceptance of projects (77.6%), enhancement of livelihood sources (62.9%), timely road project delivery (53.1%) and reduced resource conflict (42.4%). The study identifies public participation in road project provision as a panacea to meeting the deficits from government efforts. It recommends the strengthening of participatory planning, capacity building for stakeholders, equitable resource mobilisation and accountability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Olajide Peter Oluwasola, Olamiju J. KEHINDE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Educational Support as Human Capital Development Strategy for Inmates in the Maximum Security Custodial Center, Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
This study assessed the place of the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCS) in promoting human capital development through educational support programmes for inmates in maximum security correctional centers in Rivers State. The study is premised on the recognition that education is a major tool for rehabilitation, reintegration, and reduction of recidivism among inmates. Despite the reform-oriented mandate of the Nigerian Correctional Service Act (2019), challenges such as inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, shortage of qualified instructors, and overcrowding continue to hinder the effective implementation of educational programmes within correctional facilities. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, with a sample size of 400 respondents drawn from a population of 2,371 inmates and correctional personnel. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis. The findings revealed that educational support programmes, including literacy education, and access to tertiary education through institutions such as the National Open University of Nigeria, have a positive and statistically significant relationship with the Nigerian Correctional Service’s rehabilitative objectives. The study concludes that although educational support is a vital component of inmate rehabilitation in Rivers State, its full potential has not been realized due to persistent systemic challenges. It therefore recommends increased funding, improved learning infrastructures, recruitment of qualified educators, curriculum modernization, and strengthened policy implementation with enhanced collaboration with external educational institutions and stakeholders necessary to ensure sustainable human capital development and successful reintegration of inmates into society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Atairet C. Atairet, Uforo Etim Eyo, Akpanim N. Ekpe, Ibulu Ukovie Godfrey (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA OBTAINED FROM FEMALE STUDENTS USED LIPSTICK IN UNIVERSITY OF CROSS RIVER STATE.
The aim of the study was to isolate and identify bacteria from used lipsticks of female students. Samples were collected from different students, well labeled and transferred to the Microbiology laboratory for analysis. Serial dilution of the samples was carried out, and a dilution factor of 104 was plated on a sterilized nutrient agar using the spread plate method. The colonies developed were counted, recorded, and their morphological appearances were noted accordingly. The colonies developed were cultured repeatedly to obtain pure isolates, which were exposed to various biochemical identification tests. Data indicated that bacterial count was in the range of 1.8x105 CFU/g to 6.5x105 CFU/g. The identified bacterial species are Pseudomonas, Rothia, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Corynebacterium, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus species. Staphylococcus spp., were the most prevalent with a relative occurrence of 27.8%. Streptococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella. and Micrococcus species. were least prevalent with a relative occurrence of 5.55% each. The identified bacterial species may be due to direct contact with skin, environmental exposure, co-sharing and absence of preservatives. Therefore, users should avoid sharing lipsticks and maintain good personal hygiene, and manufacturers should ensure that lipsticks contain an effective system and conduct regular preservative efficacy testing to inhabit microbial growth throughout the product shelf life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Inyang I. Henry, Kathryn U. Bassey (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Potential Fluid Flow,Harmonic Function and its Application
This project is aimed at showing the application of potential flow in fluid mechanics. It has been shown so far in this project that for an incompressible irrotational and inviscid flow that the vorticity vector is the curl of the flow velocity it gives in a potential kind of flow. It was also demonstrated in this project that the harmonic function is a solution of the Laplace equation it gives in fluid mechanics to the potential kind of flow which is also called the irrotational flow. The irrotationality of a potential flow is due to the curl of the gradient of a scala, always being equal to zero. The flow described by this model are potential fields, the velocity potential function and the determination of the velocity component from it’s scalar function. i.e. by differentiating the stream function with respect to the given coordinates are described in this project. A description of the reduction of the equations of motion for “ideal” (irrotational incompressible and inviscid) flow to a single equation. Viz the laplace equation is provided in some details.
Copyright (c) 2026 Apih ThankGod Eteng, Obi N Tanu, Daniel Obono Ofem., Ekpelu, Mustapha Musa, Ehoche Edache Elijah, Odifioyi Dorcas Elijah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of ICT Infrastructure, Spatial Location, and Resource Allocation on Teaching and Learning Outcomes in North-Central Colleges of Education, Nigeria
Colleges of Education in Nigeria are central to teacher preparation and national human capital development. However, many institutions in North-Central Nigeria continue to experience weak teaching and learning outcomes due to inadequate ICT infrastructure, locational disadvantages, and poor resource allocation. Although prior studies examined these factors separately, limited empirical research has integrated them within a single framework, particularly in Colleges of Education. This study determined the effect of ICT infrastructure, spatial location, and resource allocation on teaching and learning outcomes in North-Central Colleges of Education, Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative approach using a descriptive survey design. The study population comprised lecturers, students, administrators, and ICT personnel from selected public Colleges of Education in North-Central Nigeria. Using Cochran’s sample size formula, a sample size of 600 respondents was determined from the study population through multistage sampling techniques, while 572 valid questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that ICT infrastructure in the institutions was moderate (grand mean = 3.03), spatial location influence was high (grand mean = 3.55), while resource allocation was generally low (grand mean = 2.97). Regression results revealed that ICT infrastructure (β = 0.418), spatial location (β = 0.271), and resource allocation (β = 0.356) had significant positive effects on teaching and learning outcomes. Multiple regression results indicated that the three predictors jointly explained 61.0% of the variance in outcomes (R² = 0.610). ICT infrastructure was the strongest predictor (β = 0.418), followed by resource allocation (β = 0.356) and spatial location (β = 0.271). The study concluded that institutional performance is shaped by the interaction of technological capacity, geographic context, and equitable funding. It recommends increased ICT investment, improved internet and electricity supply, equitable funding formulas, targeted support for rural institutions, staff digital training, and data-driven policy planning.
Copyright (c) 2026 James Yahaya, Garba Suleiman, Iliyas Ibrahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An Econometric Assessment of The Nexus Between Cost Optimization and Oil Revenue in Nigeria's Oil and Gas Industry
This study examined the impact of cost optimization on revenue generation in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry using econometric techniques. The persistent volatility in global oil prices and inefficiencies in operational cost structures have made cost optimization a critical factor for sustaining revenue growth. The analytical framework of this study is based on econometric methodology encompassing the error correction model of regression analysis using data from 1980 to 2025. The Granger Causality test and cointegration technique were used to analyze the impact of cost optimization strategies in oil and gas industry on oil revenue in Nigeria within the period under review. The findings reveal that effective cost optimization significantly enhances revenue performance, while exchange rate volatility negatively affects oil revenue. The study recommended improved cost management frameworks, technological adoption, and policy reforms in the oil and gas industry to stabilize the oil and gas industry in Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2026 NKAMA ANYA ETA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Organisational Family Culture Relationships to Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: Implications to Business Managers
This paper discusses how organisational family culture is connected with organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) with particular implication to business managers. The paper uses social exchange theory, person-organisation fit theory and relational psychological contract theory to explain how family-like cultural values characterised by cohesion, trust, mutual support, long-term orientation, and egalitarian norms influence the development of discretionary, non-mandatory employee behaviours that are not limited by the formal role requirements. Through a thorough analysis of both empirical and theoretical sources, it is evident that organisations that have developed family culture have much higher rates of OCB in its five dimensions: altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, courtesy and civic virtue. The moderating variables such as perceived organisational support, quality of leader-member exchange and job satisfaction are critically discussed. The paper also outlines the implications of the study to business managers in practice with references to the design of an inclusive organisational culture, development of transformational leaders, and incorporation of family-oriented HR practices. Difficulties and possible constraints of family culture models are discussed as well. The paper concludes with a call to intensify managerial deliberateness in developing relational workplace climate, which stimulate sustainable OCB results.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tewogbade Tunde Ayobami, Akintaro Olabisi Wuraola, JUSTUS-IRABOR, JEGBEFU EDLYN, Badmus Kazeem Olasumbo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Language, Power and The Legitimation of Domestic Abuse: A Discourse-Analytic Study of Perpetrators’ Placation In Lagos and Ogun States
This study investigates how language produces, sustains, and legitimises domestic violence in Nigeria, with a specific focus on Lagos and Ogun States. Framed within Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Austin and Searle’s Speech Act Theory, and drawing on Dobash and Dobash’s Feminist/Patriarchal Theory and Goode’s Resource Theory as contextual frameworks, the study analyses the discourse of three domestic violence survivors gathered through in-depth phenomenological interviews. The central argument is that domestic violence in Nigeria is not perpetuated solely through physical force but through a layered discursive apparatus: the vocabulary of survivors, the illocutionary force of institutional speech acts, the grammatical erasure of perpetrators from accountability, and the ideological language of family and community systems that placate abusers. Particular analytical attention is paid to the ‘language of domestic violence’, the lexical choices, metaphors, grammatical constructions, and speech act functions through which abuse is enacted, narrated, and normalised and to the discursive exemption of the male perpetrator from accountability at every level of social and institutional discourse. Findings reveal that corrupt institutional declarations, coercive family directives, and the grammar of passivisation collectively constitute a discursive architecture that protects perpetrators and silences survivors. Recommendations focus on language-sensitive institutional reform, the enforcement of the Violence Against Persons Prohibition (VAPP) Act, and survivor economic and discursive empowerment.
Violence Against Persons Prohibition (VAPP) Act
Copyright (c) 2026 ANANA MARIAM, RAUFU KAZEEM BABATUNDE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Wireless Communication Technologies (5G/6G) in Nigeria: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategic Roadmap
Nigeria is at a critical juncture in its digital transformation journey, with fifth‑generation (5G) wireless technology beginning commercial deployment and sixth‑generation (6G) on the research horizon. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the adoption, infrastructure, regulatory landscape, and socio‑economic impacts of 5G/6G technologies in Nigeria. Using a mixed‑method approach combining primary stakeholder interviews (n=50) and secondary data from the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) the study identifies key drivers: growing mobile broadband demand, smart city initiatives, and agricultural tech applications. However, significant barriers persist, including high capital expenditure for infrastructure, electricity unreliability, spectrum auction delays, and digital literacy gaps. The findings reveal that as of 2025, 5G coverage reaches only 35% of urban centres and less than 5% of rural areas. 6G remains at the conceptual stage, with potential for terahertz communication and AI‑native networks. The article presents a comparative table of 4G/5G/6G performance metrics in the Nigerian context. Recommendations include a public‑private partnership model for rural backhaul, a staggered spectrum pricing framework, and a national 6G research task force. This study contributes to policy design for emerging economies navigating next‑generation wireless deployment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Engr. Henry Azuka Ifeachor, Engr. Chima Elijah Uwaoma, Akeh, Joseph Ayire, Vawa Kwada (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
University Management and Policy Implementation in Rev. Fr. Moses Orshio Adasu University, Makurdi
The governance and management of a university is vested in the hands of key officers. For administrative convenience, the University Governing Council, the Pro-Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellors of Administration and Academic, Provost, Registrar, Bursar, Senate, Senate Committees, Directors of Centers, Deans of Faculties and Heads of Departments/Units are charged with policy formulation and implementation for university success. This paper examined University Management and policy implementation as a crucial tool for the efficient utilization of entrusted resources and the day-to-day administration in the pursuit of set university goals and objectives of Rev. Fr. Moses Orshio Adasu University, Makurdi, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was utilised, and primary data were obtained through the administration of a closed-ended questionnaire, and complemented by secondary data sources. The Taro Yamane (1967) formula was employed to determine a sample size of 400 respondents among the non-teaching staff and teaching staff in administrative capacity in the university. The study utilised the Transactional Leadership Theory of MacGregor (1978) as its theoretical framework of analysis. The study revealed that governance and policy implementation in the past were not properly looked into in the university, which affected the effective management. The research further implies that MOUAM’s struggle to adopt and implement best academic standards which indicates a gap in management structures and policy enforcement. This can lead to compromised academic quality and reduced competitiveness at both national and international levels. The paper recommends, among other things, that the institution should diversify its funding sources by establishing public-private partnerships (PPPs) and launching alumni fundraising initiatives to supplement government allocations and ensure adequate funding for professional and administrative reforms, which make available funds to implement academic policies that will meet the vision and mission of the university.
Implementation and Rev. Fr. Moses Orshio Adasu
Copyright (c) 2026 Peter Aondover Zaki, Kingsley, Ushahemba Ayangealu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Organisational justice and employee commitment in Kaduna State University.
Securing a high level of dedication among workers of an organization has been a challenging issue in modern-day organizations. Most employees are actually employed by originations but they are not fairly committed to the discharge of their responsibility, which is to aid the attainment of organizational objectives. This study investigated the effect of organizational justice on the level of commitment obtained from employees of the organization. The objectives of the study were to determine if distributive justice affects commitment of academic staff in Kaduna State University; to determine if Procedural justice affects commitment of academic staff in Kaduna State University; to examine the extent to which Interpersonal justice affects commitment of academic staff in Kaduna State University; and to examine how Informational justice affects commitment of academic staff in Kaduna State University. Data was obtained through the usage of a questionnaire using a sample of 267 from a total population of 964. Data was regressed, and the result revealed that distributive justice, Procedural justice, Interpersonal justice and Informational justice all affect commitment of academic staff in Kaduna State University. It was recommended that there is a need for organisations to make justice and fairness a critical component of their organisational culture so that managers do not treat their subordinates unjustly. Organisations are to ensure that there are consequences to all who engage in acts of injustice. There should also be an internal control mechanism that would not just reduce injustice but would aid in preventing such acts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kachi Joseph Akende, Mantim Gambo Nantim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ADAPTIVE AND PREDICTIVE CONTROL IN NIGERIAN INDUSTRIES: IMPROVING EFFICIENCY AND RESILIENCE
Nigeria's industrial sector faces ongoing challenges like fluctuations in raw material quality, aging equipment, power inconsistencies, and a lack of real-time optimization. Traditional control systems, such as PID and manual tuning, often struggle in these conditions, resulting in low productivity, high energy use, and frequent downtime. This article explores how adaptive control (AC) and model predictive control (MPC) can be applied in Nigerian industries, focusing on manufacturing, petrochemicals, food processing, and cement production. By using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys from 30 industrial plants and simulation case studies, the study compares traditional control with AC and MPC based on set point tracking, energy savings, and disturbance rejection. Results indicate that AC and MPC can reduce settling time by 42%, cut energy use by 18-25%, and lower variability in product quality by 35% compared to traditional methods. Challenges to implementation include high startup costs, a shortage of skilled personnel, and inadequate sensor infrastructure. The article recommends a phased adoption strategy, local training programs, and government financial support. The findings offer a practical framework for modernizing Nigerian process control to align with Industry 4.0.
Copyright (c) 2026 Engr. Henry Azuka Ifeachor, Agha, Ikechukwu Chukwukadibia, Onwualia Promise Ebubechukwu, Eneh Christian Chukwuemeka (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Board Examination Experiences and Coping Strategies Among Review Center Examinees
Board examinations represent a critical milestone for aspiring professionals, often requiring extensive preparation and significant personal sacrifices. This study explored the preparation experiences and coping strategies of review center examinees preparing for professional licensure examinations in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines. Specifically, it sought to examine the challenges and opportunities encountered during board examination preparation and identify the coping mechanisms utilized by examinees in managing the pressures associated with the review process. The study employed a descriptive qualitative research design involving twenty-three (23) review center examinees selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that examinees experienced cognitive fatigue and academic overwhelm, emotional volatility and isolation, sacrifices to personal well-being, peer collaboration and competition, logistical challenges within review centers, adaptation of study strategies, conceptual clarity through expert mentorship, and the development of strategic test-taking competence. To cope with these challenges, participants engaged in active cognitive restructuring, strategic pacing, digital detoxification, physical self-regulation, peer-supported learning, reward-based motivation, and spiritual anchoring. These coping strategies enabled examinees to maintain resilience, emotional stability, and motivation throughout the review period. The study concluded that board examination preparation is a multidimensional experience shaped by academic, psychological, social, and personal factors. Understanding these experiences may help review centers, educators, and support institutions develop more holistic interventions that promote both examination readiness and examinee well-being.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alprince King A. Biri, Abnir T. Arilin, Nicole Christianne Vidal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Adapting to Contemporary Virtual Coaching: Challenges and Opportunities of Online Fitness Training Among Gym Coaches
The increasing use of online fitness training has transformed how Gym and Health and Fitness Coaches deliver their services, creating both opportunities and challenges within digital coaching environments. Despite the growing adoption of virtual fitness instruction, limited research has explored how coaches experience and navigate this mode of service delivery. This study explored the challenges encountered and opportunities that emerged among Gym and Health and Fitness Coaches conducting online fitness training. A descriptive qualitative research design was employed, involving thirteen (13) Gym and Health and Fitness Coaches selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed six major challenges encountered by the participants: Inability to Physically Monitor and Correct Client Form, Difficulty in Sustaining Client Motivation and Engagement, Limited Access to Gym Equipment and Training Resources, Difficulty in Ensuring Client Safety and Injury Prevention, Technical Difficulties and Connectivity Issues, and Reduced Interpersonal Connection and Coach–Client Rapport. Despite these challenges, five opportunities emerged from the participants' experiences, namely: Expanded Client Reach and Geographic Accessibility, Flexible Scheduling and Work Arrangement, Diversification of Coaching Services and Revenue Streams, Opportunity to Build a Personal Brand and Online Presence, and Stronger Documentation and Progress Tracking Capabilities. The study concluded that online fitness coaching has evolved into a viable and transformative mode of fitness service delivery that requires coaches to continuously adapt their instructional, technological, and interpersonal competencies. While virtual coaching presents challenges related to supervision, engagement, safety, and communication, it also offers significant opportunities for professional growth, business expansion, and enhanced service accessibility. The study recommends that fitness organizations and coaching professionals strengthen digital coaching competencies and technological preparedness to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of online fitness training.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abnir T. Arilin, Alprince King A. Biri, Nicole Christianne Vidal, Fhadzmar S. Dammang, Jillamae S. Verano (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Leveraging Digital Fitness Technologies for Skill Acquisition and Human Capital Development In Physical and Health Education: A Review of Nigerian Colleges of Education
This paper takes a critical look at how incorporating digital fitness tools into Physical and Health Education (PHE) departments across Nigerian Colleges of Education can transform practical skill training and improve national human capital. While global benchmarks are shifting quickly toward data-driven sports science, the teacher-education system in Nigeria relies heavily on older and analog teaching methods. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Human Capital Theory, this review explores how specialized resources like motion-analysis apps, wearables, and exergaming can upgrade classroom instructions and activities. It also reveals the major roadblocks on the ground, such as unstable power supply, budget gaps worsened by changing foreign exchange rates, and a general hesitation among schools to adopt new tech. To get around these infrastructure issues, the paper introduces a realistic, low-cost "Bring Your Own Device" (BYOD) setup paired with offline-capable software. Ultimately, equipping future PHE teachers with solid digital tracking skills will create a positive and dynamic change, improve community health, lower long-term medical burdens, and help Nigerian youth tap into the global digital sports space.
Copyright (c) 2026 HAMMED OLAYINKA SANNI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
BRAND RESONANCE AND STUDENTS’ ENROLLMENT DECISION IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA
The increasing competition in the higher education sector has compelled universities to adopt branding strategies that foster strong and lasting relationships with prospective and current students. Among the dimensions of customer-based brand equity, brand resonance has emerged as a critical indicator of the strength of the relationship between an institution and its stakeholders. This study examined the influence of brand resonance on students’ enrollment decisions in public universities in Kenya. The study was anchored on Keller’s Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) model, the Resource-Based View (RBV). A causal research design guided by a positivist research philosophy was adopted. The target population was 3,171 respondents drawn from management staff and students across 35 public universities in Kenya, from which a sample of 355 was selected. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered through a blended approach of online and physical distribution, Interview schedules for the key informants(DVC, Corporate affairs and Director Linkages and resource Mobilization) was also conducted on what they do about branding. Validity was ensured through expert review, construct testing, and comparison with established measures, while Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was above 0.7 hence reliable. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis, with the aid of SPSS version 27. The findings revealed that brand resonance has a significant positive influence on students’ enrollment decisions (β = 0.189, p = 0.001). The results indicate that students are more likely to enroll in universities with which they identify emotionally, demonstrate loyalty, feel a sense of belonging, and are willing to recommend to others.
Copyright (c) 2026 TONUI CHERUIYOT WESLEY, Dr. Lydia Langat, Dr. Janet Kimeto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
MITIGATION FOR YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN VIHIGA COUNTY, KENYA
Unemployment among the youth especially in Africa is continuing to pose a serious threat to current and future governments. Most of the countries, Kenya included continuous to grapple with the increasing rate of unemployed youth graduating from secondary level of education and higher institutions of learning. Higher institutions of learning continue to graduate thousands of graduates in different fields each year with very little jobs created in the economy that is from both the private and public sectors. This leaves very many graduates at all levels grappling with unemployment both in the formal and informal sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 kutai Richard, Yasin Kuso Ghabon (PhD) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Investigation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Against Selected Clinical Gram-Negative Isolates.
The global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Gram-negative pathogens necessitates the exploration of efficacious, plant-derived therapeutic alternatives. This study provides a comparative analysis of the bactericidal efficacy of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Salmonella spp. Agar well diffusion, broth dilution (MIC), and sub-culturing (MBC) methods, were used to evaluate the concentration-dependent responses of the isolates. The results indicate that ethanol-extracted clove possesses superior antimicrobial potency, producing mean inhibition zones of 26.00 ± 1.00 mm against E. coli, which rivaled the positive control, gentamicin. Quantitative analysis revealed that ethanol clove extract acts as a definitive bactericidal agent, with MBC/MIC ratios ranging from 0.5 to 4.0. In contrast, ginger extracts exhibited primarily bacteriostatic activity, with MBC values exceeding 400 mg/ml for all isolates. Multi-factor ANOVA confirmed that extract type (F = 380.37, p < 0.0001) and solvent polarity were primary determinants of efficacy. The discussion highlights that while ginger's antimicrobial role is limited, the bactericidal capacity of ethanol-extracted clove was statistically significant. By differentiating between mere bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, this study identifies clove as a potent alternative for future standardized phytotherapeutic formulations. These results underscore the potential for incorporating clove-derived bioactive compounds into antimicrobial stewardship programs, particularly in resource-limited settings where accessible and effective alternatives to synthetic antibiotics are urgently required to combat MDR-related infections.
Copyright (c) 2026 Istifanus Mary Francis, Kwopnaan Isaiah Abel, Benjamin Morjan Pokol, Gwan Isaac Joseph, Chollom Patricia Fremu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
STUDENT HUSTLING IN NEOLIBERAL UNIVERSITIES
In the contemporary neoliberal university, students often enter with expectations of structured academic engagement but quickly encounter a far more complex reality, one that demands competence not only in scholarly pursuits but also in financial management, entrepreneurial improvisation, emotional resilience, and strategic survival. Within Kenyan universities, this experience is particularly pronounced due to rising tuition costs, constrained public funding, and an increasing reliance on student loan schemes such as those administered by the Higher Education Loans Board (HELB). Institutions of higher learning are progressively reconstituting students as consumers responsible for financing and managing their educational trajectories, thereby transforming the university into a marketplace in which academic priorities must compete with basic needs such as housing, food, transport, and digital access. Under these conditions, university life extends beyond intellectual development to become a site of continuous economic negotiation. Across Kenyan campuses, students engage in diverse income-generating activities, including freelance digital work, online entrepreneurship, academic writing, and informal trade such as selling clothing, food, or digital services. The normalization of these hustling practices reflects broader socio-economic dynamics in Kenya, where persistent youth unemployment and economic precarity compel students to seek income well before graduation. Yet this reality stands in tension with humanistic and critical pedagogical traditions that conceptualize education as a collaborative, nurturing, and emancipatory process rather than one governed by constant economic calculation. Drawing on theoretical perspectives such as Vygotsky’s social constructivism and Freire’s pedagogy of care, this paper interrogates how neoliberal rationalities reshape student experiences within Kenyan higher education. It argues that while universities continue to espouse ideals of holistic development, innovation, and transformation, the lived realities of students increasingly reflect a system in which economic survival frequently supersedes intellectual engagement. The need to reconcile academic demands with financial pressures produces what may be understood as a “hidden curriculum”, one that cultivates not only critical thinking but also persistent hustling as a necessary life skill. This paper foregrounds student hustling as an everyday survival strategy and examines its implications for financial stability, emotional well-being, and psychological health. In the Kenyan context, these pressures are intensified by structural inequalities, particularly in access to digital infrastructure and adequate accommodation. Furthermore, the analysis situates student precarity within a broader institutional environment marked by the casualization of academic labor and the expansion of precarious employment among university staff, revealing a shared culture of instability within the university ecosystem. Ultimately, the paper contends that student hustling in Kenyan universities should not be interpreted merely as a manifestation of individual resilience or ingenuity, but rather as a structural outcome of neoliberal transformations in higher education. It calls for renewed engagement with educational philosophies and policy interventions that prioritize dignity, reduce precarity, and create conditions under which students can meaningfully engage in learning without the constant burden of economic survival.
Copyright (c) 2026 Geoffrey Kipkorir Ng'enoh, Dr Yasin Kuso Ghabon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
English Language Assessment Policies and Pedagogical Realities in Bangladeshi Secondary Education
Assessment plays a critical role in educational systems, serving as a source of information on the achievement of learning goals and as a basis for important decisions on student evaluation, curriculum, and teaching methods. This study investigates the alignment between declared policies and actual practices of English language assessment in secondary schools of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The findings reveal a great discrepancy between the recommended assessment policies, which call for a comprehensive assessment of the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking) and the common classroom practices where the assessment primarily centers around reading and writing, largely ignoring listening and speaking skills. This difference is further aggravated by such factors as large class size, insufficient training of teachers in communicative assessment techniques, and limited availability of multimedia resources. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations to bridge this policy-practice gap, including increased teacher professional development, integration of all four skills into formal assessment frameworks, and provision of essential technological infrastructure to foster a more holistic and effective English language learning environment in Bangladesh.
Copyright (c) 2026 AUTHOR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Attitudes Toward Animation-Based Instruction (ABI): A Multilevel Investigation of Adoption, Cognitive Engagement, Affective Orientations, Pedagogical Efficacy, and Academic Outcomes in Primary Classrooms
Although the theoretical basis for the use of animation-based instruction (ABI) is established in the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and the Technology Acceptance Model, researchers’ attitudinal work has been limited to the use of unidimensional operationalisation, single-level analysis, and high resource contexts, which obscures the multilevel mechanisms that link teacher disposition to student outcomes. Drawing on CTML, TAM, the tripartite attitude model, and Self-Efficacy Theory, this study is the first to investigate the ABI adoption intention, cognitive engagement, affective orientations, pedagogical efficacy, and academic achievement in Bangladeshi primary EFL classrooms at multiple levels simultaneously. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used: a cross-sectional multilevel survey with a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest component (N = 270 teachers; N ≈ 5,400 Grade III–V students; 90 government primary schools), analysed through three-level ML-SEM, latent profile analysis, and multilevel CFA, supplemented by semi-structured interviews with 30 purposively selected teachers. LPA delineated three dispositionally diverse teacher profiles – Convergent Positive Adopters (38.3%), Cognitively Elevated Ambivalents (29.9%), and Convergent Reluctant Non-Adopters (31.8%) – with considerably divergent ABI integration frequencies. All tripartite attitude components independently predicted adoption intention (R2 = .583). Pedagogical self-efficacy significantly moderated and mediated the attitude–adoption connection. Cross-level mediation indicated that 61% of teacher attitudinal profile impacts on student achievement gain were transferred via classroom ABI integration intensity (R2L2 =.67). Overall, students responded positively to the profiles (|d| = 0.81–1.23). Qualitative findings reframe a large share of apparent non-adopters as efficacy-constrained, suggesting structural impediments that go beyond attitudinal traits. The findings advance cross-cultural empirical testing of CTML and TAM, while offering differentiated evidence for professional development, curriculum design, and educational policy in resource-constrained environments.
Leveraging Big data Analytics for Predictive Maintenance of Critical Urban infrastructure in Nigeria.A Smart City Approach
Urban infrastructure in Nigeria is increasingly under pressure due to rapid urbanization, inadequate maintenance practices, and weak adoption of digital technologies. This study examines the potential of Big Data Analytics in enhancing predictive maintenance of critical urban infrastructure within the context of smart city development. Using a systematic literature review approach, the study synthesizes global, African, and Nigerian evidence on infrastructure maintenance challenges, Big Data applications, and smart city frameworks. Findings reveal that while predictive maintenance systems are well established in developed economies, Nigeria still relies heavily on reactive maintenance approaches. The study identifies key barriers, including weak digital infrastructure, limited technical capacity, and fragmented data systems. It concludes that Big Data Analytics offers a transformative pathway for improving infrastructure reliability, reducing maintenance costs, and enhancing urban sustainability in Nigeria. A smart city-based predictive maintenance framework is proposed to guide future implementation.