Prevalence and Determinants of Cholera Outbreak and Personal Hygiene Among Adults.

Abstract

Cholera remains a major public health concern affecting high risk population. During a cholera outbreak, it is essential to reduce transmission and minimize new infections. The miasma theory, host-agent-environment model and eco social theory were utilized for this study. This study analyzes the prevalence and determinants of cholera among adults in selected states in Nigeria from 2020 to 2024 utilizing Time series using least square regression to predict and forecast and correlation analysis to identify the relationship between suspected cases of cholera and Total death cases. Data was sourced from the Nigerian centre for disease control (NCDC) encompassing reported cholera cases and deaths from 2020 to 2024. The study employed a secondary and quantitative data to elucidate the relationship between cholera prevalence and personal hygiene. The results from forecasting shows that the severity of the disease has generally been reducing while correlation analysis shows there is strong positive relationship between total suspected cases and death cases in year 2020 with (r=0.87), year 2022 with (r=0.95), a weak positive correlation with (r=0.32) in 2023 and a very strong positive correlation with (r=0.98) in 2024. These results underscore the critical need for comprehensive public health interventions focusing on improving water quality, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) pratices. The study recommends the implementation of targeted educational programs to promote personal hygiene and advocates for continuous surveillance and data collection to monitor cholera trends and inform policy decisions.
The results show that number of suspected cases and deaths over the years shows a corresponding decrease. This means that cholera infection can be contained in Nigeria.