Organisational Family Culture Relationships to Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: Implications to Business Managers
PDF

Keywords

Organisational Family Culture
Organisational Citizenship Behaviour
Social Exchange Theory
Perceived Organisational Support
Leader-Member Exchange
Business Management

Abstract

This paper discusses how organisational family culture is connected with organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) with particular implication to business managers. The paper uses social exchange theory, person-organisation fit theory and relational psychological contract theory to explain how family-like cultural values characterised by cohesion, trust, mutual support, long-term orientation, and egalitarian norms influence the development of discretionary, non-mandatory employee behaviours that are not limited by the formal role requirements. Through a thorough analysis of both empirical and theoretical sources, it is evident that organisations that have developed family culture have much higher rates of OCB in its five dimensions: altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, courtesy and civic virtue. The moderating variables such as perceived organisational support, quality of leader-member exchange and job satisfaction are critically discussed. The paper also outlines the implications of the study to business managers in practice with references to the design of an inclusive organisational culture, development of transformational leaders, and incorporation of family-oriented HR practices. Difficulties and possible constraints of family culture models are discussed as well. The paper concludes with a call to intensify managerial deliberateness in developing relational workplace climate, which stimulate sustainable OCB results.
PDF

References

Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. John Wiley & Sons.

Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (2011). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework (3rd ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Chatman, J. A. (1989). Improving interactional organizational research: A model of person-organization fit. Academy of Management Review, 14(3), 333-349. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4279063

Cohen-Charash, Y., & Spector, P. E. (2001). The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86(2), 278-321. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2958

Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602

Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611-628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.611

Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999

Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500

Ely, R. J., & Thomas, D. A. (2001). Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(2), 229-273. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667087

Farh, J. L., Zhong, C. B., & Organ, D. W. (2004). Organizational citizenship behavior in the People's Republic of China. Organization Science, 15(2), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1030.0051

Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years. Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5

Hochschild, A. R. (1997). The time bind: When work becomes home and home becomes work. Metropolitan Books.

Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Ilies, R., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Leader-member exchange and citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 269-277. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.269

Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals' fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00672.x

LePine, J. A., Erez, A., & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 52-65. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.52

Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297-1343). Rand McNally.

Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), 845-855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.845

Morrison, E. W., & Robinson, S. L. (1997). When employees feel betrayed: A model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 226-256. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180265

O'Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516. https://doi.org/10.5465/256404

Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books.

Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Sage Publications.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600307

Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698

Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2(2), 121-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01384942

Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 82-111. https://doi.org/10.5465/257021

Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305

Yen, H. R., & Niehoff, B. P. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational effectiveness: Examining relationships in Taiwanese banks. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(8), 1617-1637. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02790.x

Yildiz, S. (2014). A study on the relationship between organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior and a research in healthcare industry. European Journal of Research on Education, 2(4), 68-79.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2026 Tewogbade Tunde Ayobami, Akintaro Olabisi Wuraola, JUSTUS-IRABOR, JEGBEFU EDLYN, Badmus Kazeem Olasumbo (Author)