A Delphi Consensus on the Contents of a Basic Life Support Training Module for Healthcare Practitioners in Ghana

Abstract

Background: Basic Life Support (BLS) knowledge and skills are essential for healthcare practitioners, particularly nurses and midwives who are often the first responders in clinical emergencies. However, BLS training in Ghana remains inconsistent across institutions. This study sought to develop a consensus on the appropriate contents of a BLS training module for healthcare practitioners in Ghana using the Delphi technique. Methods: A two-round Delphi consensus study was conducted among experts in anaesthesia, critical care, nursing, and BLS instruction from major healthcare institutions in Ghana. The questionnaire was developed from the 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Responses were analysed using Cochran’s Q test, while reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Fifteen experts participated in round one, while ten completed round two. From the original 56 items, 31 consensus statements were retained for inclusion in the final BLS training module. Key themes identified included the role of trainers, learner responsibilities, institutional support, course design, assessment strategies, simulation-based learning, and continuous professional development. Statistical significance was observed across both Delphi rounds (p < .001). Conclusion: The study established consensus-driven recommendations for the development of a standardised BLS training curriculum for healthcare practitioners in Ghana. The findings support the need for uniform training guidelines, simulation-based practice, regular retraining, and institutional investment in skills laboratories to improve CPR competence and patient outcomes.