Academic Setbacks and Psychological Consequences Among College Entrance Test Non-Passers
PDF

Keywords

Academic Setbacks
College Entrance Examinations
Psychological Struggles
Non-Passers

Abstract

Failing college entrance examinations may significantly affect students’ academic direction, emotional well-being, and perceptions regarding their future. Despite the growing literature on academic stress and examination anxiety, limited studies have specifically explored the academic setbacks and psychological struggles experienced by college entrance test non-passers. Hence, this study aimed to identify the academic setbacks experienced by college entrance test non-passers and examine the psychological struggles encountered following examination failure. The study utilized a qualitative research design employing thematic analysis to gain a deeper understanding of the participants’ lived experiences. Thirty (30) college entrance test non-passers from selected universities in Zamboanga City were selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and analyzed following the thematic analysis framework of Braun and Clarke. Findings revealed that participants experienced several academic setbacks, including disrupted educational plans, financial and institutional limitations, declining academic confidence, pressure from family and social comparison, and forced course redirection. In terms of psychological struggles, participants experienced anxiety, overthinking, shame, emotional exhaustion, self-doubt, and fear regarding their future. However, some participants eventually developed acceptance, resilience, and renewed motivation after the experience. The findings suggested that college entrance examination failure extends beyond academic rejection and may significantly influence students’ emotional well-being, educational decisions, and self-perceptions. The study highlighted the importance of strengthening academic counseling, mental health support, and resilience-building interventions among students experiencing academic setbacks and educational uncertainty.
PDF

References

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman and Company.

Benedicto, J. R. P., Boloyos, E. S., Capuno, V. L., Diola, D. D., Lipang, R. M. M., Mejia, A. M. F., & Valensoy, H. M. R. (2023). Academic challenges and psychological distress among selected college students during the pandemic. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8, 781–806. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7905503

Binayao, Bernadette & Dales, Zita. (2020). A Phenomenological Study of the Passers and NonPassers in the Licensure Examination for Teachers. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. 5. 1704-1721. https://doi.org/10.38124/IJISRT20AUG828

Cai Z and Meng Q (2025) Academic resilience and academic performance of university students: the mediating role of teacher support. Front. Psychol. 16:1463643. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1463643

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. W. W. Norton & Company.

Fathima, Ruqaiya & Farin, Afra & Lavanya, R. (2025). The Psychological Consequences Of Exam Stress On University Students. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 11. 1031-1044. https://doi.org/10.64252/vdc3z316

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.

Lee, X., Griffin, A., Ragavan, M. I., & Patel, M. (2024). Adolescent mental health and academic performance: determining evidence-based associations and informing approaches to support in educational settings. Pediatric research, 95(6), 1395–1397. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-024-03098-3

Mamun MA, Safiq MB, Hosen I, al Mamun F (2021) Burnout, does the university entrance test failing attribute? A Bangladeshi exploratory study. PLOS ONE 16(10): e0258100. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258100

Martin, Andrew & Marsh, Herb. (2006). Academic resilience and its psychological and educational correlates: A construct validity approach. Psychology in the Schools. 43. 267 - 281. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20149

Nair, P & Sutar, Deepmala. (2023). Fear of Failure, Academic Self-Efficacy and Academic Performance among College Students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology. 11. 375-384. https://doi.org/10.25215/1103.036

Naylor, R. (2022). Key factors influencing psychological distress in university students: the effects of tertiary entrance scores. Studies in Higher Education, 47(3), 630–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1776245

Pascoe, M. C., Hetrick, S. E., & Parker, A. G. (2020). The impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1596823

Pastor, M. J., & Lumabao, J. M. (2024). Entrance Scores as Predictor of Academic Performance. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 3(2), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.17613/tgg6-wd41

Pienyu, K., Margaret, B., & D'Souza, A. (2024). Academic stress, perceived parental pressure, and anxiety related to competitive entrance examinations and the general well-being among adolescents - A cross-sectional survey from Karnataka, India. Journal of education and health promotion, 13, 474. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_2094_23

Rabby MR-A, Islam MS, Orthy MT, Jami AT and Hasan MT (2023) Depression symptoms, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate entrance admission seeking students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Front. Public Health 11:1136557. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136557

Ramirez Yee, K.M. At all costs: educational expansion and persistent inequality in the Philippines. High Educ 87, 1809–1827 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-023-01092-y

Romero, J. (2020, September 3). Ilang estudyante nag-aalala sa kawalan ng entrance exam ng ilang unibersidad. ABS-CBN News. https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/09/03/20/ilang-estudyante-nag-aalala-sa-kawalan-ng-entrance-exam-ng-ilang-unibersidad

Sidharth, G. (2023). University entrance examination stressors in high school students: An empirical study. International Journal for Research in Education, 12(1).

Terada, Y. (2022, October 14). The psychological toll of high-stakes testing. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/psychological-toll-high-stakes-testing

Thomas, C. L., Cassady, J. C., & Finch, W. H. (2017). Identifying Severity Standards on the Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale: Cut Score Determination Using Latent Class and Cluster Analysis. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 36(5), 492–508. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282916686004

Usher, E. L., & Pajares, F. (2008). Sources of Self-Efficacy in School: Critical Review of the Literature and Future Directions. Review of Educational Research, 78(4), 751-796. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430832145

Villanueva, L. A. A., Zambrano, V. P., & Evarola, M. D. (2025). Mind over marks: The psychological impact of academic self-perception on student achievement. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 9(9), 4704–4710. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.909000387

Yatkin E, Aral N, Gunes LC and Tosun S (2023) Mental well-being and test anxiety among students preparing for the university admission exam during the pandemic. Front. Psychol. 14:1184788. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1184788

Yazdanpanah MR, Marashian FS. The Effects of Stress Management Training on the Psychological Distress and Academic Achievement of University Entrance Exam Applicants. Educ Res Med Sci. 2023;12(1):e136910. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/erms-136910

Zheng, G., Wang, F., Zhang, Y., & colleagues. (2023). The association between academic stress and test anxiety among college students: The mediating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and the moderating role of parental expectations. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1008679. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1008679

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2026 Alprince King A. Biri, Abnir T. Arilin, Nicole Christianne Vidal, Jillamae S. Verano (Author)