Evaluating the Efficacy of Police Restructuring in Kenya Through Officers' Perceptions: Evidence from Nairobi County

Abstract

Globally, police organizations are facing multiple challenges linked to their complex operating environment. Anchoring on this, police organizations are reviewing their organizational structures and re-engineering them to meet the needs of their customers. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of police restructuring on the delivery of policing services in Nairobi City County. More specifically, the study sought to establish the outcomes of police restructuring in Nairobi County. The New Public Management theory underpins the study. It carried out an empirical literature review using books, journal articles, periodicals, conference papers, government publications, and publications of renowned intergovernmental bodies. With a target population drawn from the National Crime Research Centre, Independent Policing Oversight Authority, Civil Rights Bodies, particularly Katiba Institute and Independent Medico- Legal Unit, National Government Administrative Officers and police officers drawn from the constitutive services and a directorate of the National Police Service, the study drew a sample of 109 participants. Additionally, the study adopted a descriptive survey design. Primary data was collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Secondary data was acquired from books, journal publications, and government publications. The primary data collected was cleaned, edited, coded, and analyzed using SPSS version 9 and NVIVO software for qualitative data analysis. The results of data analysis were presented in the form of frequency tables, graphs, and charts. The study established that police restructuring in Nairobi County had mixed and uncertain outcomes. While some improvements were noted in command flow (51.9%), service delivery (52%), and police community relations (48.1%), many officers (73.1%) reported no direct impact, with APS officers in particular citing victimization, discrimination, and unclear roles. Gains in grassroots and community policing were modest, with less than 40% rating community policing as effective. Perceptions of officers revealed skepticism, with 52.9% rating reforms as only moderately effective and 62.5% indicating restructuring had not enhanced professionalism. Persistent corruption, unequal access to training and promotions, and confusion in command structures undermined the intended outcomes. APS officers reported marginalization in housing, resourcing, and recognition, further fueling discontent. The study recommends that the government establish ongoing sensitization programs for the purpose of creating awareness on restructuring objectives and expected outcomes.