Keywords
biodiversity
physicochemical
ecological health
awareness
implementation
Abstract
The River Ganga supports millions of livelihoods and is culturally sacred in India. Yet, its water quality has deteriorated severely due to urban waste and untreated sewage discharges, particularly near urban centers such as Patna. This research investigates the extent of chemical contamination in the stretch of the Ganga near Patna by analyzing key physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations. Samples from multiple sites along urban influence zones were tested for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrates, phosphates, and heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium). The results show elevated BOD, COD, nitrates, phosphates, and detectable levels of heavy metals exceeding permissible limits at several points, and reduced DO, indicating significant pollution load. The study discusses possible sources, impacts on aquatic life and human health, and recommends mitigation strategies including improved sewage treatment infrastructure, stricter regulation of industrial effluents, regular monitoring, and public awareness campaigns. Implementation of such measures is essential to restore the ecological health of the Ganga near Patna and protect public health.
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