Electricity Energy Consumption and Industrial Sector Performance in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis
Journal of Contemporary Academic Research and Methodologies
PDF

Keywords

Industrial output
electricity consumption
Capacity utilization
Exchange Rate

Abstract

Electricity demand in Nigeria by the industrial sector has continued to increase while its supply has remained on a decline over the years. The shortages of electricity supply formed the major background for the energy crisis in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper examined the effects of electricity consumption on industrial performance in Nigeria. Using time series data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Report, Statistical Bulletin, Publications of the International Monetary Fund and the National Bureau of Statistics over the years 1985 to 2023. The article used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Methods. The findings revealed that a unit rise in industrial electricity consumption enhances industrial performance. The paper stresses that irregular electricity supply weakens industrial performance in Nigeria. Therefore, the paper stresses the need for a comprehensive energy mix to complement the existing energy sources for the development of the industrial sector performance in Nigeria. 

PDF

References

1. ADR. (2009). Annual Report. 2009 as cited by Oseni M. O. and Pollit M. (2013), Economic Costs of Unsupplied Electricity: Evidence from Back-up Generation among Firms-in. Africa. EPRG Working Paper no 1326, 2013.

2. Adenikinjti, A. (2005). Analysis of the cost of infrastructure failure in a developing Economy, the case of the electricity sector in Nigeria. African Economic Research Paper Nairobi, 41, 321-335.

3. Adenikinju, A. (2005). Analysis of the cost of infrastructure in a developing Economy: The case of the electricity sector in Nigeria. African Economic Research Construction(AERC) Research Paper, 3(3), 148-150.

4. Agbo, A. (2007). Ending the Power Nightmare: Comparative Analysis of Consumption of Electricity Worldwide. The Case of Privatisation South-South Journal of Culture and Development, 7(1), 87- 108.

5. Aigbokan, B. E. (1999). Evaluating Investment in Basic Infrastructure in Nigeria. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference of the Zonal Research Unit, organized by the Research Department of the Central Bank of Nigeria.

6. Akekere, J., Nwajinka, C C., & Yousuo, P. O. J. (2013). National Electric Energy Supply and Industrial Productivity in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(14).

7. Akinlo, A. U. (2009). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Evidence from Co-integration and Co-feature Analysis. Journal of Policy Modelling, 31, 681-693.

h–tps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2009.03.004

8. Alam, A. (2013). Electric power consumption, foreign direct investment and economic growth. A comparative study of India and Pakistan. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 10(1), 55-65. ht–ps://doi.org/10.1108/20425941311313100

9. Alby, P., Dethier, J. L., & Straub, S. (2013). Firms Operating under Electricity Constraints in Developing Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 27(1), 109-132.

h–tps://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs018

10. Archibong, P. E. (1997). The Status of Supporting Infrastructural Facilities and Services for Non-Oil Sector Development. CBN Economic and Financial. Kcvie35, pp. 23-42.

11. A–row, Kenneth J. (1962a). The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing. Review Economic 12. Studies, 29, 155-173. https://doi.org/10.2307/2295952

13. Atser, G. (2006). Power shortage takes toll on Nigeria's economy. Economic Development in the Tropic World Bank, 3(1), 28-30.

14. B–rro, R. (1990). Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 98, 1321-1342. –ttps://doi.org/10.1086/261726

15. Braimah, I., & Amponsah, O. (2012). Causes and effects of frequent and unannounced electricity blackouts on the operations of micro and small-scale industries in Kumasi. Journal of Sustainable. Development, 5(2–, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v5n2p17

16. Ehinomen, C., & Oladipo, T. I. (2012). Exchange Rate Management and the Manufacturing Sector

17. Performance in the Nigerian Economy. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(5), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-0550112

18. Ekpo, A, H. (2009). The Global Economic Crisis and the Crises in the Nigerian Presidential Address to the 50th Conference of the Nigerian Economic Society. September, Abuja, Nigeria, Energy Information Administration. (2007). Country analysis briefs: Nigeria.

19. Essien, A. U., & Igweonu, E. I. (2014). Coal-Based Generation: A Solution to Nigeria's Electricity Problem. International Archive of Applied Sciences and Technology, 5(1).

20. FGN. (2008). Investment Opportunities in the Nigerian Power Sector and ‘Investors’ Comforts Guide. A publication of the Federal Ministry of Power, Abuja, 2008.

21. FGN. (2010). Roadmap to Power Sector Reform. Presidential Speech at the Unveiling of the Freeman C. and Soete, L. (1997). The Economics of Industrial Innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

22. Freemen, C., Clark, J., & Soete, J. (1982). Unemployment and Technical Innovation: A Study of Long Waves and Economic Development. London: Frances Pinter.

23. Ghali, K. H., & El-Sakka, M. I. T. (2004). Energy Use and Output Growth in Canada: A. Multivariate

24. Co-integration Analysis, Energy Economics,26, 225-238.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-9883(03)00056-2

25. Helpman, I. E. (1992). Endogenous Macroeconomic Theory and Growth. European Economic Review, 36. https://doi.org/10.3386/w3869

26. Jhinghan, M. L. (2007). Economics of development and planning. Delhi: Vrinda Publications.

27. John Ziagos & Ken Wedel. (2007). Energy Crisis and Major Forms of Energy Sources: Will technology save us? Science on Saturday Energy and Environment, 3–, 1–47.

28. Ketelhout, A. (2008). The impact of the electricity crisis on the consumption behaviour of small and medium enterprises. Journal of Energy for Southern Africa, 1(3), 4-12.

29. K–iivila, M. (2008). Industrial development and Economic growth: Implications for poverty reduction and inequality. UN publication for Industrial Development, 14, 295-332.

30. Krizanic, T. (2007). The European market of Electricity and Natural Gas. E1B forum, Ljubljana.

31. Lai, J., Yik, F., & Jones, P. (2008). Expenditure on operation and maintenance services and rental income of commercial buildings. Facilities,26(5/6), 242-265.

h–tps://doi.org/10.1108/02632770810865014

32. Lee, K. S., & Anas, A. (1991).Manufacturers' responses to infrastructure deficiencies in Nigeria: Private alternatives and options. In Chibber, A., & S. Fischer (Eds.), Economic Reform in Sub Saharan Africa, A World Bank Symposium (pp. 423–456).

33. Licw, V. K., Nathan, T. M., & Wong, W. (2012). Are Sectoral Outputs in Pakistan Led by Energy Consumption? Economic Bulletin, 32(3), –326–2331.

34. Lohor, J. O. & Ezeigbo. (2006). Comparative Analysis of Consumption of Electricity Worldwide. Asian Research Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 1(2), 1–15.

35. Lucas, B. R. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3-42. ht–ps://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7

36. Mojekwu, J. N., & Iwuji, I. I. (2012). Factors affecting capacity decision in Nigeria: A time series analysis. International Business Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n1p157

37. Nazitim, N. (2011). Testing the relationship between electricity supply, development of the industrial sector and economic growth: An econometric analysis, using time series data for Pakistan. International journal of Management science and Engineering Management, 6(4), 272-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509653.2011.10671173

38. Nwachukwu, M. U., Ezedinma, N. F., & Jiburum, U. (2014). Comparative Analysis of Electricity

39. Consumption among Residential, Commercial and Industrial Sectors of Nigeria’s Economy. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, 4(3).

40. Nwosa, P. I., & Akinbobola, T. O. (2012). Ac negate Energy Consumption and Sectoral Output in Nigeria. An International Multidisciplinary Journal Ethiopia, 6(4), 206-215.

h–tps://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v6i4.14

41. Obioma, UchennaU.Aiexanda, O. U. (2015). The Effect of Industrial Development on Economic Growth (An Empirical Evidence In Nigeria 1973-2013). European Journal of Business and Management? 13, 160-170.

42. –Dularu, G. O., & Okonkwo, C. (2009). Does energy consumption contribute to economic performance? Empirical evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 1, 2044-2058.

43. Ogunjobi, J. O. (2015). The Effects of Electricity Consumption on Industrial Growth in Nigeria. 44. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(13).

45. Ogunleye, E. O., & Ayeni, R. K. (2012). Energy.Demand in Nigeria: A Disaggregate Analysis.

46. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 86, 52-62.

47. Ojinnaka, I. J. (2008). Energy Crisis in Nigeria: The Role of Natural Gas. The Bullion.

48. Oke, O. A. (2006). Impact of energy on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria.

http://www.fypower.org/pdt/mfg

49. Okonkwo, A. (2010). Impact of capital formation in Nigeria, An Unpublished B.sc Research Project Submitted to the Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

50. Okpara, J. O. (2011). Factors constraining the growth and survival of SMEs in Nigeria: Implications for poverty alleviation. Management Research Review,34(2),156-171.

h–tps://doi.org/10.1108/01409171111102786

51. Omisakin, O. A. (2008). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Bounds Testing Co-integration Approach. Journal of Economic Theory, 2(4), 18-123.

52. Oseni, M. O., & Pollit, M. (2013). Economic Costs of Unsupplied Electricity: Evidence from Back-up Generation among Firms in Africa. EPRG Working Paper no 1326, 2013.

53. Osobase, A. O., & Bakarc, T. A. (2014). The nexus between electricity generation, supply and manufacturing section performance in Nigeria. International Journal of Management-Sciences and Humanitie, 2(2), 184–207.

54. Reinikka, R., & Svensson, J. (2002). Coping with Poor Public Capital. Journal of Development Economics, 69, 51-69. ht–ps://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00052-4

55. Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N. (1968). The Consortia Technique. International Organization, 22(1), 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300013539

56. Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing. Returns and Long-run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(3), 1002-1037. –ttps://doi.org/10.1086/261420

57. Rud, T. P. (2012a). Electricity Provision and Industrial Development: Evidence from India. Journal of Development Economics, 97(2), 352-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.06.010

58. Rud, J. P. (2012b). Infrastructure Regulation and Reallocations within. Industry: Theory and Evidence from Indian Firms. Journal of Development Economics, 99(1), 116-127.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.10.001

59. Sala-Hyfartin, X. (1990). Lecture/note on Economic Growth. National bin, Research Working Paper, –563–3563.

60. Sambo, A. S. (200X). Paper presented at the National Workshop on the Participation of State Governments in the Power Sector: Matching Supply with Demand, 7.9 July 2008, LadiKwali Hall, Sheraton Hotel and Towers, Abuja.

61. Schumpeter, I. (1239). Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical, and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. New York: McGraw-Hill, item, D.I. and Cleveland, C.J. (2004). Energy and Economic Growth, Rensselaer Working Papers in Economics No. 0410, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA.

62. Stern, N. (1991). The determinant of growth. Economic Journal, 101, 213-231. https://doi.org/10.2307/2233847

63. The World Factbook-CIA. (2008). Retrieved from

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankordcr/2042rank.html

64. Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2008). Economic Development.Edinburgh Gate, Ilarlow: Pearson Education Limited.

65. Uda. E, N. (2010), Industrial Development, Electricity Crisis and Economic Performance in Developing Countries. World Bank Economic Review, 27(1), 109–132.

66. Ukpong, I. I. (1.76), An Analysis of the causes of power shortage in Nigeria. The Nigeria Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 18(2)– 34–49.

67. Velasquez, L. R. C., & Pichler, B. (2010). China’s increasing economy and its impact on its energy. Estudios Gerenciales, 26(117),131-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0123-5923(10)70138-8

68. World Bank. (2005). World Development Report. Washington DC.: The World Bank. Retrieved from http://www.mvw-wds.worltlbank.org/2005/20050920110826/.../322040 World

69. World Bank. (2004). Manufacturing and Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank Publication.

70. Ziramba, E. (2009). Disaggregate energy consumption and industrial production in South Africa. Energy Policy, 37(6), 2214-2220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.01.048

71. Zuberi, J. (2012). Estimating the Cost of Power Outages for Large-Scale Manufacturing Finns. Working Paper, University of California at Berkeley (November).

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2026 Authors